基于突变级数法的页岩气探采综合环境影响评价研究     

罗振华 《地质与勘探》2018,54(1):174-182

为缓解能源紧张,页岩气作为储量丰富的非常规能源在我国正大力开发,而我国页岩气开发起步较晚,受管理与技术限制,页岩气开发造成的综合环境影响问题还得不到有效解决。针对页岩气开发存在的环境问题,本文基于我国页岩气开发现状,借鉴美国页岩气开发的成功经验,从自然环境与人文环境两方面对页岩气开发综合环境影响因素进行分析,建立了页岩气开发综合环境影响评价指标体系;同时为降低评价过程主观因素的影响,简化评估过程,本文引入突变级数法建立了页岩气开发综合环境影响评估模型,运用数值替换方法区分页岩气开发综合环境影响等级。最后将评价体系与评估模型应用到实际案例中,得到的评价结果与实际情况基本符合,为页岩气开发项目的综合环境评价提供了很好的理论依据。  相似文献   

月表构造与深部构造的关系     

奚镜伦  陈建平 《江苏地质》2018,42(3):481-494

地球和月球很可能是通过大撞击形成的。在行星地质学中,研究月球的地质-构造现象,对了解月球、地球乃至太阳系的形成与演化历史都有很大帮助。月球的构造分为深部构造与月表构造,寻找它们在分布或成因上的关系,可以为月球甚至地月系的起源和演化历史提供重要参考。利用LROC的宽视角影像数据以及LOLA数据提取解译月表构造,结合深大断裂进行观察分析,并对月球的撞击盆地进行统计,最后以静海地区为例分析构造分布特征,发现月球的质量瘤盆地中具有环状分布的月岭,外侧具有近环状分布的深大断裂,自前酒海纪至酒海纪,具备上述特征的质量瘤盆地占总撞击盆地的比例突然有一个很大的提升,且静海地区西部具有该构造分布特征。推测该特征与撞击、月海沉降等有关,且在酒海纪与雨海纪期间月球有较多的月海玄武岩分布,由此判断静海西部存在质量瘤,发生过撞击与月海沉降。  相似文献   

高海拔多年冻土区路基工程行为对低温多年冻土长期影响的监测研究     

范星文  林战举  罗京  刘明浩  尹国安  高泽永 《冰川冻土》2021,43(5):1323-1333

青藏铁路路基创造性采用了主动冷却路基的设计理念修建而成,目前铁路已经安全运营超过10年。青藏铁路路基修筑在多年冻土之上,路基下部冻土温度变化是衡量路基是否稳定的关键因素。基于长期（2008—2019年）地温观测资料,对昆仑山垭口南坡青藏铁路K980+000低温多年冻土区块石路基坡脚至坡脚外30 m范围内的冻土上限变化、年际地温变化、季节性地温变化进行分析,研究了路基工程行为对低温多年冻土的长期影响机制。结果表明：冻土地温不断升高,冻土上限逐年下移;与天然孔比较,路基坡脚处地温增温幅度反而较小,主要可能受块石路基冷却效应的影响;冷季与暖季呈现出不对称的增温趋势。冻土路基普遍增温的趋势仍然存在,出于对多年冻土的保护与保证工程稳定性的考虑,应尽量采用冷却路基的思想修建路基。同时,应加强对路基的监测,分析长期增温过程后路基稳定性变化,并对路基下部冻土的变化做出定量研究。  相似文献   

落石冲击混凝土板与缓冲层组合结构的动力响应          下载免费PDF全文

吴建利  胡卸文  梅雪峰  许泽鹏  罗刚  韩玫 《水文地质工程地质》2021,48(1):78-87

钢筋混凝土（RC）板与一定厚度的土颗粒缓冲层组合结构被广泛用于山区高位单体及群发性崩塌落石的防治,为研究此类防护结构在落石作用下的冲击力衰减规律及RC板的破坏模式,开展了室外系列落石冲击试验。结果表明,增大缓冲层厚度能够有效减小最大冲击力,峰值加速度随缓冲层厚度减小而增大,尤其在缓冲层厚度为0.1 m及0.2 m时,最大值急剧增大,峰值加速度与缓冲层厚度的变化满足指数函数关系;根据量纲分析原理得到缓冲层最大冲击深度与动能的平方成正比、与最大入射冲击力成反比的计算公式,且与实测值较吻合;入射冲击力在缓冲层内的衰减率随缓冲层厚度的增加以指数函数递增,在0.6 m缓冲层厚度下可使峰值冲击力衰减70%左右;随累积冲击能级的增大,RC板经历了弯曲起裂及扩展、次级弯曲裂纹和剪裂纹产生及跨中弯曲裂纹贯通的过程,试验结束时RC板整体表现出典型的弯曲破坏特征。  相似文献   

固体矿产绿色勘查钻探技术方法探索与实践          下载免费PDF全文

刘蓓  杨可  张晨  顾科伟  皮健伟  段晓 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):39-46

西安矿产资源调查中心针对现有固体矿产地质调查（勘查）项目,积极探索和实践绿色地质勘查工作技术方法,因地制宜应用全液压履带钻机、便携式模块化钻机实施“一基多孔”,采用背包钻实施“以钻代槽”,通过优选环保型冲洗液,净化处理废弃冲洗液,控制临时占地规模等具体措施。与传统机场规格相比占地面积减少了80%~85%,临时便道修筑减少了60%~65%,工后复垦复绿达到了80%以上。通过绿色勘查成本费用分析,人员、临时用地（青苗）补偿、绿色环保材料及复垦复绿等费用成本总和降低了40%左右。最后探索实践了绿色勘查工作保障措施,对下一步绿色勘查工作提出了建议,为加强绿色勘查工作理念、完善相关的制度法规、激发绿色勘查工作活力提供了积极的导向。  相似文献   

Hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang town(West Cameroon): Alkali and alkaline-earth elements ascertain lithological and anthropogenic constraints          下载免费PDF全文

Yemeli Elida Joelle  Temgoua Emile  Kengni Lucas  Ambrosi Jean-Paul  Momo-nouazi Mathieu  Silatsa-Tedou Francis Brice  Wamba Franck Robean  Tchakam-Kamtchueng Brice 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(3):212-224

This study focuses on the sources of alkali and alkaline-earth elements based on the geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang concerning environmental and anthropogenic constraints. A comprehensive set of 50 samples from groundwater and surface water were analyzed by ICPMS and processed by spatial interpolation in a GIS environment. The results highlight a geochemical anomaly at the center of the densely inhabited area subject to a profusion of open dumps discharges. This anomaly with the highest spatial contents of Be(Cs, Rb, Mg) suggests an anthropogenic source that demarcates with the lowest alkali and alkaline-earth elements on the peripheral area of Dschang. Other findings include lithological constraints with volcanic rocks being the main source compared to granitoid.The study points out good correlations between Be, Cs, Rb and Mg spatial distributions and physicochemical parameters of waters(K, EC, TDS), and inversely with the lowest p H. p H is established as the most functioning physico-chemical constraint of alkali and alkaline-earth mobility in Dschang. The p H lowest values within the geochemical anomaly also highlight the impact of human activities on water acidity, which later enhance elements mobility and enrichment. Despite low elements contents relative to WHO standards, our findings point out an example of anthropogenic impact on water geochemistry linked to solid waste pollution; it also demonstrates significant anthropogenic changes of environmental physicochemical parameters of prime importance in the mobility and distribution of elements in the study area.Similar assessments should be extended in major towns in Cameroon.  相似文献   

Implications of Japan’s long term climate mitigation target and the relevance of uncertain nuclear policy     

Diego Silva Herran  Shinichiro Fujimori  Mikiko Kainuma 《Climate Policy》2019,19(9):1117-1131

Achieving long-term climate mitigation goals in Japan faces several challenges, starting with the uncertain nuclear power policy after the 2011 earthquake, the uncertain availability and progress of energy technologies, as well as energy security concerns in light of a high dependency on fuel imports. The combined weight of these challenges needs to be clarified in terms of the energy system and macroeconomic impacts. We applied a general equilibrium energy economic model to assess these impacts on an 80% emission reduction target by 2050 considering several alternative scenarios for nuclear power deployment, technology availability, end use energy efficiency, and the price of fossil fuels. We found that achieving the mitigation target was feasible for all scenarios, with considerable reductions in total energy consumption (39%–50%), higher shares of low-carbon sources (43%–72% compared to 15%), and larger shares of electricity in the final energy supply (51%–58% compared to 42%). The economic impacts of limiting nuclear power by 2050 (3.5% GDP loss) were small compared to the lack of carbon capture and storage (CCS) (6.4% GDP loss). Mitigation scenarios led to an improvement in energy security indicators (trade dependency and diversity of primary energy sources) even in the absence of nuclear power. Moreover, preliminary analysis indicates that expanding the range of renewable energy resources can lower the macroeconomic impacts of the long term target considerably, and thus further in depth analysis is needed on this aspect.

Key policy insights

• For Japan, an emissions reduction target of 80% by 2050 is feasible without nuclear power or CCS.

• The macroeconomic impact of such a 2050 target was largest without CCS, and smallest without nuclear power.

• Energy security indicators improved in mitigation scenarios compared to the baseline.

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Holocene river and slope activity in the Visoko Basin,Bosnia‐Herzegovina – climate and land‐use effects     

S. DREIBRODT  C. LUBOS  R. HOFMANN  N. MÜLLER‐SCHEEßEL  I. RICHLING  O. NELLE  M. FUCHS  K. RASSMANN  Z. KUJUNDŽIĆ‐VEJZAGIĆ  H.‐R. BORK  J. MÜLLER 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(6):559-570

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Matt Wilson structure: record of an impact event of possible Early Mesoproterozoic age,Northern Territory     

I. P. Sweet  P. W. Haines  K. Mitchell 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4-5):675-688

The Matt Wilson structure is a circular 5.5 km-diameter structure in Early Mesoproterozoic or Neoproterozoic rocks of the Victoria Basin, Northern Territory. It lies in regionally horizontal to gently dipping Wondoan Hill and Stubb Formations (Tijunna Group) and Jasper Gorge Sandstone (Auvergne Group). An outer circumferential syncline with dips of 5?–?40° in the limbs surrounds an intermediate zone with faulted sandstone displaying horizontal to low dips, and a central steeply dipping zone about 1.5 km across. Several thrust faults in the outer syncline appear to indicate outward-directed forces. The central zone, marked by steeply dipping to overturned Tijunna Group and possibly Bullita Group sandstone and mudstone, indicates uplift of at least 300 m. The rocks are intensely fractured with some brecciation, and contain numerous planar to subtly undulating surfaces displaying striae which resemble shatter cleavage. Thin-sections of sandstone from the central area show zones of intense microbrecciation and irregular and planar fractures in quartz, but no melt-rocks have been identified. The planar fractures occur in multiple intersecting parallel sets typical of relatively low-level (5?–?10 GPa) shock-pressure effects. Alternative mechanisms, i.e. igneous intrusion, carbonate collapse, diapirism and regional deformation processes, have been discounted. The circular nature, central uplift, faulting, shatter features and planar fractures are all consistent with an impact origin. The Matt Wilson structure is most likely a deeply eroded impact structure in which the more highly shocked rocks of the original crater floor have been removed by erosion. Estimates of the age of the Auvergne and Tijunna Groups range from Early Mesoproterozoic (which we favour) to Late Neoproterozoic. Early Cambrian Antrim Plateau Volcanics near the impact structure show no signs of impact effects, allowing the age of impact to be constrained between Early Mesoproterozoic and Early Cambrian. The presence of widespread soft-sediment deformation features, apparently confined to a single horizon in the Saddle Creek Formation some 700?–?1000 m stratigraphically higher in the Auvergne Group than the rocks at the impact site, and apparently increasing in thickness towards the Matt Wilson structure, lead us to speculate that this probable event horizon is related to the impact event: if correct the impact occurred during deposition of the Saddle Creek Formation.  相似文献   

Raindrop‐impact‐induced erosion processes and prediction: a review     

P. I. A. Kinnell 《水文研究》2005,19(14):2815-2844

Raindrop‐impact‐induced erosion is initiated when detachment of soil particles from the surface of the soil results from an expenditure of raindrop energy. Once detachment by raindrop impact has taken place, particles are transported away from the site of the impact by one or more of the following transport processes: drop splash, raindrop‐induced flow transport, or transport by flow without stimulation by drop impact. These transport processes exhibit varying efficiencies. Particles that fall back to the surface as a result of gravity produce a layer of pre‐detached particles that provides a degree of protection against the detachment of particles from the underlying soil. This, in turn, influences the erodibility of the eroding surface. Good understanding of rainfall erosion processes is necessary if the results of erosion experiments are to be properly interpreted. Current process‐based erosion prediction models do not deal with the issue of temporal variations in erodibility during a rainfall event or variabilities in erodibility associated with spatial changes in dominance of the transport processes that follow detachment by drop impact. Although more complex erosion models may deal with issues like this, their complexity and high data requirement may make them unsuitable for use as general prediction tools. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献